Pharmaceutical Business in Puerto Rico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pharmaceutical Business in Puerto Rico - Essay Example Currently, Puerto Rico is experiencing some serious problems in power supply and taxation and hence some experts predict that the region could be on its path to loosing its position as one of the leaders in pharmaceutical manufacturing unless more incentives are initiated and a shift from basic manufacturing to research based production since sophisticated production means are better for the market. The marketing objective of any business firm in to increase sales hence maximizing the profits. This cannot be achieved just like that hence a marketing plan should be put in place to be implemented systematically so that better results are achieved. Since there is a lot of competition of Puerto Rico from existing companies, the entry of a new one would necessitate a thorough and an all inclusive plan or strategy to help achieve the company objectives (Blaisdell 2000). There are three marketing approaches that will be employed and they include; company oriented, product oriented, and disease oriented strategies. The major objectives will include the following; strategic objective which aims to expand the market share and consequently enhance profitability of the firm; the company will entrench a strategic focus in the marketing strategy to help penetrate and expand the markets and to increase its productivity; the company will identify target customers to establish segmentation and product position; the marketing strategy will be implemented to assess competition and establish competitive strategy and positioning and finally the company will establish a unique marketing mix that will address the elements products, promotions, place and prices (Pathak & Escovitz 1996).. Resources The major resources that a business investor should assess before establishing a company are the availability of manpower both skilled and non skilled. Cheaper manpower enhances cost effectiveness. The infrastructure is another basic resource since distribution and transportation of raw materials will greatly rely on the infrastructure (Pathak & Escovitz 1996). For a machine to be operated, there need to be power (i.e. electricity or any other appropriate means) Puerto Rico has established a history of well coordinated distribution lines since the pharmaceutical industry in the region has now been in operation for a while. Infrastructure requirement for new drug dealers in the region will encompass factors such as building, road access, power supply, water availability and better supply and distribution channels (Blaisdell 2000). Puerto Rico is renowned for its highly educated labor force that has also proved to be innovative and very skilled. The country also enjoys extensive regulatory experience fro products and also a well organized delivery system (Pathak & Escovitz 1996). According to market research for marketers in the United States of America, Puerto Rico is has grown rapidly to become one of the largest manufacturers of high technology products in the region. The future of the Island remains bright as there are even more companies involved in research and development of pharmaceutical products, biotechnology hence the region is leading in this drug and device industry (Blaisdell 2000). For a start up business in pharmaceutical pr

Sports Tour Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sports Tour Business - Research Paper Example The skiing business is highly seasonal in nature. The actual ski season lasts from mid-December through to April if it is short. It lasts from the weekend before Christmas day to the end of March. In terms of pricing various factors are put into consideration such as: - This is the period between September and January. January is the back to school period, which ushers the start of the peak ski holiday booking period. September is the start of operator's main marketing programs. This is between February and April. Many operators discount to fill the later shoulder season dates of March and into April. Easter falling in April helps to extend the ski season, while Easter falling in March tends to shorten the ski season although Easter dates in March will tend to sell better because of the perception of better show in March than in April. This is the period between May and August. It sees a trickle of bookings with operators offering special deals and bookings in centers to get as many early bookings as possible. This period will also be used to focus on the supply side of business as well as finalizing marketing campaigns. However, this is not an ideal situation in terms of operations and finance and to supplement revenues in the otherwise quieter summer season. (d) Late Booking Phenomenon This is booking made three weeks or less in advance of the departure date. The internet has been the driver of this through the advent of a multitude of late booking sites, as well as snow report sites that publish real time snapshots of ski slopes through web cams and up to the minute reports on snow conditions. In determining the revenue to be generated from skiing, the following assumptions are made: - There is always an increment of 5% in the price of ski package holiday over the next three years. The current price being 677. The growth in the number of ski package holidays in the next three years (other factors held constant) is 3%. The current number being 3,500. Source: industry analysis Therefore: 2007 2008 2009 Price 677 711 746 Growth 5% Number of Packages 3,400 3,502 3,607 Growth 3% Revenue 2,301,800 2,489,922 2,690,867 Cash Flow Payment delay is typically 30 days to suppliers (airlines and accommodation agencies). Ski tour operators take a booking deposit of approximately 35 - 150 per person. The remainder is payable in full prior to departure/commencement of the holiday which is ideally10 weeks before departure but in practice holiday balance can be chased up until the ticketing period, which generally three to four weeks before the departure date. Late bookers can also be subject to cover the administrative expenses of getting tickets to the airport for collection by the customer the day of departure Management and cash implications The figures show a growth in price and demand of 5% and 3% respectively. To maintain this price and demand growth, management has to undertake certain issues such as: - Provide online bookings - This will smoothen booking exercises for customers who are busy Low cost airlines serving ski

Polymorphisms of Crystalline Solids :: Chemistry Engineering Science Essays

Polymorphisms of Crystalline Solids Polymorphism is the phenomenon where a compound can precipitate to form numerous crystal structures. Due to space and time limitations, we have decided to confine the scope of this paper to only include polymorphisms of crystalline solids and not include polymorphisms associated with DNA and genetic related topics. It is important in many areas of technology, that people are aware of the presence of polymorphisms and the properties of the different polymorphisms. The different crystalline structures each have different physical properties, which can change the use of the chemical. The physical properties that may differ from one polymorphism to another include: solubility, density, melting point and even color. One of the variables that affect the crystallization process is the solvent that is used in the precipitation. The solvent may cause less stable polymorphisms to form instead of those that are more stable. Predictions can be made as to which polymorphism wil l be formed based on the solvent and its properties. The mixing conditions also have an affect on the formation of various polymorphisms. (Meyerson) Different polymorphisms can also be formed by manipulating the solute concentrations, flows rates, and equipment configurations. Research involving polymorphisms is becoming increasingly important to the pharmaceutical industry due to the number of pharmaceuticals that are prone to polymorphisms, patents on certain polymorphisms, the differing bioavailability of the polymorphisms and the differing effects of the polymorphisms on the body. (Meyerson) During the 1970’s, G.M.J. Schmidt coined the term crystal engineering and defined it as predicting the crystal structure of solid-state organic molecules (Sharma). In 1989, G.R. Desiraju revised the meaning as the â€Å" ‘the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and in the legalization of such understanding and the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties’ † (Sharma). Crystal engineering has grown to encompass the study of the hardness and color of solids, nanotechnology, protein receptor binding, pharmaceutical development, and polymorphisms (Sharma). Crystals are used in many areas of science, pharmaceuticals, and materials engineering. Crystals differ from many other organic and inorganic materials because of their ability to form polymorphisms.

Ernie Breaks Essay

Sometimes expectations are too big to satisfy, even though you try your very best. It would be wrong to raise expectations to a level that cannot be met. You are scared that you might disappoint the people you have closest. Therefore you try to hide yourself and your insufficiency. This is just one of the things Cara deals with in the story, Ernie Breaks, written by Genevieve Scott. The short story is told through the eyes of Cara. Cara has just finished fourth grade, and her mother wants to reward her for that. Therefore she brings Cara and Caras brother Jed to a pet store. Here they decide to buy a turtle, which Jed and Cara have to share. They call the turtle Ernie. One day when Cara comes home from school, Jed is maltreating Ernie. This makes Cara very sad and she wants to show her mother what Jed had done and show that Ernies tank is very messy. She ends up loosing Ernie, as he falls to the ground and dies. The characters get described in an indirect way, where the reader has to draw conclusions from the way the characters act and how Cara explains them from her point of view. An example of that is where Jed is described: â€Å"He goes in there with his friend Toby everyday after school to play records and ignore me. This means that Jed also doesn’t help me with my math homework like Mom made him promise, so I am terrified that I’ll fail or get moved into retard room†1. This is a good example of the indirect characterization, as this quote shows us that Jed is a brother, who does not worry very much about his sister. Firstly, he ignores her and secondly, he does not help Cara with her math, even though he promised. In addition you can see that Cara is very bad at math and needs help to get better. Throughout the short story Cara gets seen very considerate, especially around Ernie: â€Å"[†¦], if I say anything though, I’m afraid I’ll start to cry †2. The fact that she nearly starts to cry, because Jed and his friend, Toby, are teasing Ernie, means that you get the impression that Cara is a very considerate and emotional person, especially when something happens to Ernie. This can have something to do with that she feels safe around Ernie. Furthermore Cara looks very much up to her elder brother Jed. This can be seen where Cara had got in trouble for painting on the girl from her class’ shirt: â€Å"He’ll at least think its cool that I got in trouble†.3 The fact that Cara thinks that getting in trouble is not so bad,  because her brother will think she is cool, shows us that Cara looks very much up to her brother. As well she uses the same words as Jed: â€Å"[†¦] get moved into the retard room†. In the beginning of the story we get told that â€Å"Retard room† is a word that Jed uses. Therefore we are informed that Cara uses the same words as Jed. The main theme in this short story is family relationship and about expectations, you have defined for each other. Observing the behavior of the characters, it can be seen that the main theme, family relationship, comes to expression through the characters in the way that the expectations they have for each other gets broken and they try to hide their insufficiency. This can be seen in all three characters. In the start Cara tells us about her mother and how she is trying to stop smoking with help from Quit4life, but in secret buys cigarettes from a pharmacist called Ernie Sherman: [†¦] Ernie Sherman, the pharmacist where Mom buys her cigarettes because she won’t run into anyone from Quit4life†4. Here it is obvious that either herself or the people from Quit4life expect her to stop smoking. Still, she does it secretly and in that way she tries to avoid losing face. She does that to hide her incompetence . The same behaviour is visible in Cara. She is expected to take care of Ernie, but ends up killing him by dropping him on the floor: â€Å"I jump backwards like Valerie Calorie and Ernie flips up off my palm and crashes off the edge of the tank and onto the floor†.5 Afterwards, she pretends having accomplished the expectations that is set for her by not telling her mother the truth about what happened. The short story also explains the expectations for Jed. He is – as well as Cara – supposed to take care of Ernie, but ends up maltreating him to play cool in front of his friend: â€Å"Jed is holding Ernie over the turntable. He puts him down shell-first and then puts his index finger on his belly.†6 Genevieve Scott uses in this short story symbols. The turtle in this short story symbolises Cara and what she has experienced, where she has to lock herself in a shell. An example of that is where she has to have a math test, and she does not know how to do it an d draws a picture of Ernie instead. Besides, she does not want to show Valerie her results: â€Å"I take Valerie Calorie’s from her, but I don’t give her mine.†7 Here you can see that she is embarrassed and therefore she wants to lock herself in a shell to protect her. Moreover she hits back against the people who do something bad to her like Ernie does when he experiences something bad: â€Å"I grab the black magic  marker from inside my desk and swipe it across her yellow sweater†8. Here you can see that she does not put up with people making fun of her in the same way Ernie does not put of with being maltreated. Therefore there can be drawn parallels between Ernie and Cara. At the end where Ernie dies, something dies inside of Cara as well: â€Å"I don’t understand why we have to learn about broken numbers. If something is broken, it’s wrecked and useless anyway. If it’s not your fault that it’s broken, you usually don’t need to care about it†9. If you interpret this quote, you can see that Ernie’s shell symbolises the shell Cara has to protect herself with. When Ernie’s shell breaks, Caras shell breaks as well, and as Cara says,† when something is broken, it’s wrecked and useless†. So we can therefore conclude that when Ernies shell breaks and he dies, Cara feels wrecked and useless. Overall we can conclude that Genevieve Scott really has been capable of telling a story with focus on family relationship with the short story â€Å"Ernie Breaks†. Genevieve Scott has throughout the story used a first person narrator, writing from Caras point of view. This has made it easy for us as reader to understand what Cara thinks. The story is furthermore in possession of an indirect characterization, and we learn about the characters through their actions.

West and East 5 Main Differences in Approach towards Education

‘East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet’, Rudyard Kipling wrote, and despite world getting more and more homogenous, West and East are still different. Due to difference in history, prevailing religions, political regimes and so on, and these differences are clearly seen in Western and Eastern approaches to education. 1. Creativity vs. Effort Western educational systems put stress on the ideas of creativity. Of course, the system being a system means that many things are unified, but still, it usually does its best to promote individual approaches to different students. Eastern education is all about effort and struggle – no thing is hard if you practice enough. Therefore, children are given enormous amounts of homework and are taught to work hard – that’s why Asian students are often much more productive than their peers when they get into more relaxed Western educational institutions. 2. Participation vs. Reception Western education moves further and further along the road of turning students into full-fledged participants of education process. They are encouraged to ask questions and dispute with their teachers, to think critically. In the East, students are the recipients – they submit to the authority of teachers and the process itself is far less interactive. 3. Special needs: Inclusion vs. Separation Western education makes great efforts to include children with special needs into the general mass of students – they tend to be taught together with normal children or at least it is considered to be their fundamental right. In the East we generally see a diametrically opposite approach – children with disability are almost always taught separately from the rest, and it isn’t considered to be discriminatory, just logical. 4. Individualism vs. Conformity Rugged individualism has always been one of the most characteristic features of Western societies and it is only natural that Western educational systems reflect it. Individuals are considered to be much more important than groups; which means that Western students are far less afraid of vocalizing their opinions and making mistakes – these are considered to be the natural part of personality development. Eastern societies tend to be much more collectivistic, and collectivism breeds conformity – in order to succeed in a group, an individual has to conform to its values, principles and opinions while avoiding criticism and saving face whenever possible. 5.  Fulfillment vs. Result The popular idea in current Western education is that students have to find fulfillment in their studies – that is, study what they like and how they like in order to find their place in life. Eastern education, however, aims at making people more productive – both for themselves and the society in general. Children are being sent to cram schools from early age, spend long hours studying in order not to lose out to their peers – in other words, education doesn’t aim at being fun. When all is said and done, we should remember that the word ‘versus’ here is for decoration only. These are not opposing views; these are just different approaches to one and the same thing.

The Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare - 1685 Words

The play The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare is anti-semetic because anti semetic thoughts and actions are incorporated in a majority of his charcters. The actions of these Christian charcters go against Shylock, and other Jews presented in the play; as a result, establishing a clear seperation between the two ethnic groups. The constant hatred and mistreatment towards Shylock only enhances the division since it develops the idea that Christianity is the superior religion. Although there are many instances in which Shakespeare creates sympathy for Shylock rather hate, Shakespeare s portrayal of him is what highlights the anti-semitism in the play. In the play, it appears to be clear that anti-Semitic charcaters, such as Antonio and Salanio, exist to highlight the mistreatment and power Christians have over the Jews. Many instances in which dominance is expressed towards Jews , is towards Shylock. In the play Shylock states regarding Antonio, You call me disbeliever, cutthroat dog, And spet upon my Jewish gaberdine, And all for use of that which is mine own. Well then, it now appears you need my help. Go to, then. You come to me and you say Shylock, we would have moneys-you say so, You, that did void your rheum upony beard, And foot me as you spur a stanger cur Over your threshold (1.3.121-129). As presented by his quotation, Shylock criticizes Antonio for placing himself at a high status to judge his life style andShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1445 Words   |  6 PagesTalia Warshawsky Ms. Rembert CGI English 11 HH 12 November 2014 Crashing Thru Venice William Shakespeare, possibly the most esteemed writer of all time, wrote a play titled The Merchant of Venice, near the end of the 1500 s. The play takes place in Venice, and while it can be described as what we now call a romantic comedy, it also draws attention to the harsh divides in the Venetian society brought on by conflicting beliefs and religions. Centuries later, in the early 2000 s, Paul Haggis wroteRead MoreMerchant of Venice by William Shakespeare830 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice is a story about man seeking justice for the forfeiture of his bond. Shylock the Jew created a bond loaning three thousand ducats to his rival Antonio. In the event that the loan could not be paid back, Shylock was entitled to a â€Å"pound of flesh from the breast† of Antonio. Antonio’s invested the money in his merchant ships hoping to gain profit. Unfortunately he loses his ships at sea, losing everything Shylock had loaned him. Shylock h appily takes AntonioRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1102 Words   |  5 Pagespassed, but even today, women are being treated unfairly in certain situations. However, in The Merchant of Venice, William Shakespeare challenges the concept of women being unequal to men. He conveys this message through the actions of Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa. The female characters empower themselves, accomplishing various tasks in order to gain control over the men in their lives. The Merchant of Venice is a highly effective feminist play, which is demonstrated through the assertive and cleverRead More`` The Merchant Of Venice `` By William Shakespeare1147 Words   |  5 Pagesjeopardy. It is an inescapable labyrinth that plagues the lives of all ever since humanity’s first existence. Yet it,s double-edged sword like characteristics of also providing opportunities and gains keeps many enthralled in it. In William Shakespeare s’ The Merchant of Venice, Antonio, a protagonist, gives himself over to a life-threatening contract with the villain, Shylock the Jew, in order to provide the means for one of Antonio’s friend the opportunity to woo a lady. Over the course of the playRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1036 Words   |  5 Pagesauthentic and respectable character. The Merchant of Venice by renowned playwright William Shakespeare is in itself a story about religion and religious tensions; however, one’s religion is not what defines them. One’s character does, and in the Merchant of Venice we encounter two characters, Antonio and Shylock, who share similarities throughout the play, but are overall different people with different morals. On one hand there is Antonio, a sad, christian merchant and a dear friend, while on the otherRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1153 Words   |  5 Pagesprogressed as time has passed, but even today, women are treated unfairly. However, in The Merchant of Venice, William Shakespeare challenges the concept of women being unequal to men. He conveys this message through the actions of Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa. The female characters empower themselves, accomplishing various tasks in order to gain control over the men in their lives. The Merchant of Venice is a highly effective feminist play, which is demonstrated through the assertive and cleverRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare2046 Words   |  9 PagesEssay Abbesath.K Throughout the education system, there seems to be an unofficial consensus that pieces of literature that are deemed â€Å"controversial† should not be taught in school. The Merchant of Venice falls into this category due to the Anti-Semitism which exists within the play making it â€Å"controversial† therefore, banned. On the contrary, this play should not be considered controversial and it should not be banned due to the learning experiences and knowledge that can be gained by readingRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare2080 Words   |  9 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare The play revolves around one main plot and three sub-plots. The main plot centres on the question of mercy and forgiveness as seen in the relationship between Antonio, the kind Christian, and Shylock, the unrelenting Jew. The three subplots revolve around the romances of Portia and Bassanio (the most important couple in the play), of Lorenzo and Jessica, and of Gratiano and Nerissa (the least important couple of the play)Read MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Merchant of Venice† by William Shakespeare, explains the differences of religion and greed. There was a guy who needed a loan so he could go across the country to marry the girl of his dreams. He didn t have the money so he asked a Jew name Shylock. Shylock lends the guy money but he told him â€Å"If you don’t pay me back, I get to take a pound of your flesh† (pg. 143). We all know if someone needs money and you have it you would give it to them and you’ll have power over that person. ThereforeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 1189 Words   |  5 PagesNikki Vietz Ms. Seibel Honors English 12 1 May 2015 Was Shakespeare Prejudice? The premise of William Shakespeare comedy, The Merchant of Venice, is the hostile relationship between Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, and Antonio, a Christian trader. The two gentlemen have a deep history of hatred due to personal injuries and Antonio’s refusal to collect interest on loans. This hatred comes to a climax when Antonio’s friend, Bassanio wishes to borrow three thousands ducats from Antonio so he can travel

Casey Kirwan, Civic Engagement Self Reflection - 1665 Words

Casey Kirwan, Civic Engagement Self-Reflection Essay, July 13, 2015. At the beginning of this summer, I embarked on a journey through history by going to the Carnegie Museum of Art and Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The museum is one of my favorites because of its variety of exhibits of history in both science and art. With every trip, the museum always has something new to offer. Going to the museum felt like a completely new experience with the new perspective I have coming from this class. There were many parts of history to look at, but the ones that stood out to me the most was their exhibit on Ancient Egypt. I thoroughly enjoyed the exhibit’s information on the artifacts and the funerary practices of this ancient†¦show more content†¦Going deeper into the exhibit, there was a sarcophagus with a mummy inside in a large display case. The mummy’s head was covered with an Egyptian headpiece. These items particularly were said to be the very firs t that Andrew Carnegie had donated for the Egyptian exhibit. I was a little surprised at how small the body and the sarcophagus were. I learned that this was because people in Egypt at the time often did not grow to be very tall due to malnutrition. On the other side of the display, there is a kind of imitation of what an Egyptian tomb would be like. It had the sarcophagus standing up in the middle and then showed illustrations of different types of items laid out around it such as jewelry, vases, and family heirlooms that were significant to the person who died. Aside from mummifying people, the Egyptians had mummified pets too like dogs and cats. However, animals were mummified as deities rather than their way of properly putting the body at peace. Surprisingly, the display explained that dogs were actually the more popular animal over cats in Egyptian civilization. Turning to leave the exhibit, along the wall were illustrations of a line up of the Egyptian gods and goddesses. Eac h was depicted very differently; some with heads of different animals atop a human body. I obtained a lot of new knowledge by the time I left the exhibit. It was surprising how much information they could fit in this small room. Visiting museums, historical sites, and other places